Can Wind Turbine Blades Be Recycled?

Is it possible to recycle wind turbine blades?

Yes, it is now possible to recycle wind turbine blades, but most of the solutions for recycling or reusing the blades have been developed in recent years. This means that many of the first wind turbines, developed and implemented in the 90s and decommissioned in the last decade, ended up in landfills.

The average lifespan of a wind turbine blade is 20 years. If current recycling rates are maintained, it is estimated that 2.2 million tons of decommissioned wind turbine blades could end up in United States landfills by 2050.

What are wind turbine blades made out of?

According to a 2015 report from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), wind turbines are made primarily of five materials: steel, fiberglass, iron, copper, and aluminum. The blades themselves are made primarily of fiberglass, which is non-biodegradable.

Typical land-based wind turbine blades are over 170 feet long, while those that are placed in the ocean can be even bigger up to 350 feet long. So, it’s not only the fiberglass makeup of the blade that makes it difficult to recycle, but also the enormous size.

How can wind turbine blades be recycled?

A few highly specialized companies and organizations have developed processes to recycle wind turbine blades, but they have not yet become widespread.

Here are some examples of how wind turbine blades may be recycled:

Veolia North America converts wind turbines into cement

In order to turn wind turbine blades into cement, Veolina North America cuts the blades into smaller pieces. Then, the smaller pieces are shredded into even smaller chunks that you could pick up with a single hand.

Then, these are shipped to customers who blend the fiberglass chunks with other materials to make cement.

As of 2022, this process had been used to convert over 2,000 decommissioned blades into cement.

From blade to plastic pellet

Another company, Global Fiberglass Solutions based out of Sweetwater, Texas, converts shredded wind turbine blades into pellets. The pellets can be used to make flooring panels, shipping crates, railroad ties, and other sturdy industrial products.

Recycling blades with pyrolysis

The company Carbon Rivers takes a much different approach than shredding the blades–they use pyrolysis. Instead, they bring the fiberglass to intense heat in an oxygen-deprived environment. This process separates the organic components of the blade from the inorganic, and the organic components are transformed into materials called syngas and pyrolysis oil.

Syngas and pyrolysis oil can be used for energy production, and the separated inorganic materials can be reused in the manufacturing of new products.

Repurposing blades for other uses

95% of a playground constructed in the Netherlands was made of wind turbine blades
Walking bridges in Ireland and Poland have been constructed using decommissioned wind turbine blades
The next generation of wind turbine blades may be constructed of a different resin material that can later be recycled to create diapers, gummy bears, and many other materials

The past and future of wind turbine blade recycling

For many years, the difficulties surrounding the recycling and reuse of wind turbine blades have been an unfortunately ironic reality of the expansion of wind energy around the globe.

As technologies progress and scale, the future of wind energy looks a little brighter. No longer will renewable wind energy lead to an unsustainable end for the many thousands of wind turbine blades.

Written by Graham Lumley

Graham Lumley is the Growth Product Manager at BKV Energy, a retail electricity provider in Texas' deregulated market, where he has worked since 2023. He analyzes customer usage and billing data, helps develop BKV's fixed-rate plans, and creates tools to simplify Texas electricity shopping. He has written over 200 articles on Texas electricity rates, delivery charges, plan types, energy generation, and more to help Texans understand their bills and pay less. With over 10 years of experience in consumer products, marketing, and energy, he explains the Texas electricity market in plain language.