Is Geothermal Energy Renewable?

Is geothermal energy renewable or nonrenewable?

Geothermal energy is renewable energy that utilizes heat from beneath the Earth’s surface. Heat is produced continuously inside the Earth and can be harnessed for electricity generation and indoor heating.

Because the processes beneath the surface of the Earth that generate heat are ongoing and the heat is replenished constantly, geothermal is considered a sustainable and renewable energy source.

This is in contrast to nonrenewable sources of energy like fossil fuels. Fossil fuels naturally replenish, but coal, oil, and natural gas take hundreds of millions of years to form. As a result of this timescale, it’s possible that humanity could potentially use all of the practically and financially accessible fossil fuel sources.

How does geothermal energy work?

In the Earth’s core, heat is generated from the decay of radioactive elements. This heat radiates outward towards the surface of the Earth.
Water beneath the surface is warmed by the heat radiating from the Earth’s core.
Wells are drilled to access the steam and how water underground and it’s pumped to the surface.
Warm water and steam is used to rotate a turbine, which is connected to a generator to create electricity.

Are there any geothermal energy plants in Texas?

As of 2024, there are not currently any geothermal energy power plants contributing electricity to the state’s power grid.

However, this may change in the near future. Texas is well-positioned to have significant geothermal energy infrastructure. Here’s why:

Geological resources: In Texas, there is an abundance of hot rock formations that are ideal for geothermal energy in the Permian Base, Gulf Coast, and East Texas.
Oil and gas: Many oil and gas wells in Texas encounter hot water while drilling, which indicates the potential for geothermal energy at accessible depths below the surface. Additionally, many decommissioned oil and gas wells could be repurposed for geothermal projects.

Geothermal energy vs wind and solar

Geothermal, wind, and solar are all renewable energy sources. Only one is capable of providing consistent, baseload power: geothermal.

This is one of the biggest advantages of geothermal over wind and solar. If the wind is not blowing, wind turbines cannot generate power. At night when the sun is not shining, solar panels cannot contribute to the grid. Heat is constantly generated underneath the Earth’s surface thanks to the decay of radioactive elements, which makes geothermal energy a great option for generating consistent and stable baseload power.

What are the downsides of geothermal energy?

Despite its potential, geothermal energy is not without its downsides.

High initial costs: Exploring for new heat sources and drilling to reach them can incur significant expense.
Competition: Texas already has abundant wind, solar, and natural gas resources, which can hinder and overshadow the development of geothermal energy.
Technology readiness: Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are still in early stages of commercialization, which could slow down the expansion of geothermal in Texas. Why? Because much of the heat potential in Texas is located where insufficient water and rock impermeability make traditional geothermal energy extraction impossible.

Written by Graham Lumley

Graham Lumley is the Growth Product Manager at BKV Energy, a retail electricity provider in Texas' deregulated market, where he has worked since 2023. He analyzes customer usage and billing data, helps develop BKV's fixed-rate plans, and creates tools to simplify Texas electricity shopping. He has written over 200 articles on Texas electricity rates, delivery charges, plan types, energy generation, and more to help Texans understand their bills and pay less. With over 10 years of experience in consumer products, marketing, and energy, he explains the Texas electricity market in plain language.

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